英语名词变复数必考考点归纳与详解

2023-05-29 14:01:07

英语名词变复数必考考点归纳与详解
1) 以-s, –x, –ch, -sh结尾加-es
Buses,boxes,watches,brushes(stomach-stomachs)
2)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i 加es
Factories, countries
3) 以-f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v加es
leaf--leaves   life—lives
但:roof,chief,gulf,serf,belief, proof等加s
handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
4)以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
a. 加s,photo---photos  piano---pianos 
radio---radios  zoo---zoos;
b. 加es,potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes 

c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。 

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5) 名词复数的不规则变化
a. child---children  foot---feet  tooth---teeth 
mouse---mice  man---men  woman---women 
注意:由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;    Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
b. 单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。
c. 集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:
people,police,cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
d. 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
 maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。
news 为不可数名词;the United States 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
e.  以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如:
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 
《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
f.  表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。
g. 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域fishes(各种)鱼。 
h. 复合词变复数,以中心词为主
   film-goer — film-goerssister-in-law — sisters-in-law grown-up – grown-ups

Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed (无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Let’s shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached.
Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No. Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite. It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or-her. Even if, for politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly. There is generally a misunderstanding (误解) among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守的) in manner. But in fact some people in western countries more reserved than some Chinese today. So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.
1. The first paragraph mainly tells us ______. 
A. where handshaking was first practiced
B. how handshaking came about
C.about the relationship between
 handshaking and trade
D. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。在文章第一段说明了握手的来历。实际上也就是谈论握手是怎样产生的。
2. The main purpose of the text is ______.
A. to tell us some differences between the East and the West
B. to offer us some important facts about handshaking
C. to introduce us to some different customs in the West
D. to give us some advice before we travel abroad
【答案】B

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